Enforcing CPU allocation in a heterogeneous IaaS

In an Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), the amount of resources allocated to a virtual machine (VM) at creation time may be expressed with relative values (relative to the hardware, i.e., a fraction of the capacity of a device) or absolute values (i.e., a performancemetric which is independent from the capacity of the hardware). Surprisingly, disk or network resource allocations are expressed with absolute values (bandwidth), but CPU resource allocations are expressedwith relative values (a percentage of a processor). Themajor problemwith CPU relative value allocations is that it depends on the capacity of the CPU, which may vary due to different factors (server heterogeneity in a cluster, Dynamic Voltage Frequency Scaling (DVFS)). In this paper, we analyze the side effects and drawbacks of relative allocations. We claim that CPU allocation should be expressed with absolute values. We propose such a CPU resource management system and we demonstrate and evaluate its benefits.